Shellfish Biotoxins and Illnesses
Biotoxins are biological substances with toxic properties. Biotoxins and diseases related to shellfish include Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP), Norovirus, Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP – caused by domoic acid), and Vibrio. This web page contains information regarding the following:
- DEC shellfish biotoxin monitoring plans
- Biotoxins and shellfish-related illnesses
- Harmful algal blooms
Monitoring Plans
The DEC mandates biotoxin monitoring plans for commercially harvested shellfish. Current monitoring plans for geoduck clams or other shellfish:
- Geoduck Clam Biotoxin Monitoring Plan
- This document describes Alaska's plan to mitigate risks associated with unacceptable levels of biotoxins in Alaska's waters.
- Marine Biotoxin Monitoring and Contingency Plan for Bivalve Shellfish other than Geoducks
- This document outlines Alaska’s plan to mitigate risks to public health present in bivalve shellfish (other than geoducks) as a result of marine biotoxins, particularly Paralytic Shellfish Toxin (PST), that cause Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP). .
Biotoxins and Shellfish-Related Illnesses
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP)
- First Aid for Victims of PSP (Sea Grant)
- What to do if you think you or someone you know has paralytic shellfish poisoning
- PSP FAQ and basic info in Alaska
- How to avoid Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning fact sheet
- Know Before You Dig
- If you choose to harvest shellfish in Alaska, it is important you know the facts about PST, know the species you plan to harvest, and know the symptoms of paralytic shellfish poisoning and get help quickly
- Sea Grant PSP Publications
- Information and publications on paralytic shellfish poisoning
- Aleutian Pribilof Islands Association PSP Information
- History and PSP knowledge base
- Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve
- Kachemak Bay represents a special piece of Alaska’s coastline with beautiful scenery, abundant wildlife, and a vibrant local community that draws deeply from the ecosystem for its well-being
Norovirus and Domoic Acid
- Norovirus FAQ
- Washington Department of Health: Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that can cause viral gastroenteritis, often called "food poisoning" or the "stomach flu."
- Environment Alaska: Domoic Acid in Alaska
- One emerging toxin found in low levels in Alaska is domoic acid (DA) produced by several diatom species in the genus Pseudo-nitzschia.
Alaska Harmful Algal Blooms
- Alaska Harmful Algal Bloom Network
- Advisories are based on shellfish and phytoplankton observations at each listed location.
- Harmful Algal Bloom 101
- Dinoflagellates are a group of microscopic single-celled organisms or protists that are dominantly autotrophic (i.e., primary producers).